RELATIVE CLAUSES
defining and non-defining relative clauses

A relative clause is a clause that describes a noun.
A relative clause comes after a noun to identify the noun or add more information about it.
There are two types of relative clauses:
1) Defining relative clauses
2) Non-defining relative clauses

1. DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES :
   -A defining relative clause identifies a noun. It provides information essentiel for identification.
   -These clauses are also known as restrictive or identifying clauses.
   -To start a defining relative clause, we use a relative pronoun or adverb : who, whom, whose, that, which, when, where, that or why.
   -No commas are used around defining relative clauses.
   Example:
   • The man who is speaking is my uncle.
     The clause "who is speaking" clarifies or defines which man you are referring to.
   More examples:
   • The town where I grew up is quite small.
   • The man who is distributing the prizes founded the company.
   • The girl will confide in someone whom she can trust.
   • There’s the restaurant where we celebrated our anniversary.
   • The girl whose bike was stolen is very upset.
   • The area where the factory was built was farmland.
   • The old farmhouse that was on the land was demolished.
   • The subject that was most difficult for him was chemistry.
   • The bedrooms that are upstairs have been redecorated.
   • The athlete who won the gold medal was interviewed on television.
     
     
2. NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES :
   -A non-defining relative clause adds extra non-essentiel information concerning who or what we are speaking about. The sentence retains its meaning if the clause is removed.
   -Non-defining relative clauses are also called non-identifying relative clauses or non-restrictive relative clauses.
   -We use a relative pronoun or adverb (who, whose, whom, which, where (but not ‘that’) with a non-defining relative clause.
   -Commas are placed around a non-defining relative clause to separate it from the rest of the sentence.
   Example:
   
   • The house, which was quite small, was beautifully decorated.
     The clause "which was quite small" adds non-essential information.
   More examples:
   
   • His knowledge, which was extensive, was of considerable value.
   • My younger sister, whose husband comes from Chicago, is a nurse.
   • Tania, with whom I work, is getting married next month.
   • Spiders, which are a type of insect, can be venomous.
   • Those architect, who is dead now, won numerous awards for his designs.
   • The prize money, which was a subject of controversy,was donated to charity.
   • The amusement park, where many of us used to go, has closed down.
   • December, when Christmas is celebrated, is quite a festive month here.